考虑围压效应的N15固体推进剂本构模型

利用自制围压试验系统,完成了不同围压下N15固体推进剂的力学性能测试,结果显示:围压对推进剂初始模量影响不大,但最大抗拉强度、断裂强度、最大伸长率和断裂伸长率均随着围压的增大而增大;结合推进剂细观结构及断面分析,初步揭示了围压对推进剂力学性能的影响机理,由于围压的存在,推进剂内部颗粒脱湿度降低,孔洞由于受到压迫,其形成扩展过程延缓,裂纹萌发扩展被抑制,从细观结构上证明了围压对推进剂具有强化效果;根据弹性-黏弹性对应原理建立了考虑围压效应的N15推进剂本构模型,结果表明所建立的本构模型准确度较好,能够准确描述围压对N15推进剂力学性能的影响。      

离心式压气机出口动态压力的关联维数特征分析

基于相空间重构理论,以800 kW离心式压气机在不同工况下的出口动态压力为研究对象,分析了其时域、频域和关联维数特征,目的是实现喘振识别。结果表明:系统稳态时,动态压力幅值小且随机特性强,系统的混沌特征较为明显。此状态下的关联维数曲线波动很大,饱和关联维数也较大(8~20),并且部分时段不存在饱和关联维数。而随着系统经过过渡过程进入喘振状态,压力幅值逐渐增大,频谱向低频段集中,表现出明显的周期特征,自相似特性增强。并且,关联维数曲线波动减小,饱和关联维数也相应减小。当进入喘振时,关联维数快速收敛到2左右并保持稳定,饱和关联维数也维持在2左右。在引入干扰信号的仿真实验结果显示,此方法的抗干扰性能较强,可以有效地判断离心式压气机的工作状态。     

四分量片式铰链力矩天平技术及风洞实验应用研究

针对目前风洞铰链力矩实验中的一种三分量片式结构铰链力矩天平没有轴向力测量元件的不足,提出一种切实可行的四分量片式结构铰链力矩天平设计方案,进行了物理样机的研制,应用于某模型升降舵风洞铰链力矩实验中.实验结果与理论分析获得了良好的一致性,在舵面偏角为21°时,由忽略轴向力测量带来的舵面法向力系数相对误差百分比为14.7%,舵面弦向压心位置相对误差百分比为17.2%.     

大弯角扩压叶栅吸力面全域压力分布的PSP实验

基于自行组建的PSP(pressure sensitive paint)测量系统,采用中国科学院化学研究所PSP,实验测量了来流马赫数分别为0.4和0.5时大弯角扩压叶栅叶片吸力面全域压力分布,并与传统测压技术所得结果进行了比较.研究结果表明:①采用PSP技术测量可以获得叶片表面全域的连续压力分布,具有空间分布率高、定量测量的特点;②叶片中部PSP测量压力值与压力扫描阀结果吻合得非常好,但受到叶片吸力面曲率的影响,叶片前缘与尾缘附近的误差较大,最大误差为4.48%;③随着来流速度的提高,PSP与压力扫描阀之间的误差逐渐减小.      

基于VOF方法模拟离心式喷嘴内部流动过程

基于两相界面追踪方法VOF(volume of fluid)模拟了离心式喷嘴内部的流动过程,得到了液相填充喷嘴内部的过程,初始时刻,气液界面出现褶皱,随着进入液体的增多,褶皱逐渐消失;着重分析了喷嘴各个部位速度、压力分布,由于气液两相的存在,喷嘴内部流场变得异常复杂,流场分布不能用单相流的模式分析,总压损失大部分存在于喷嘴收缩段以及直管段,增大收缩段锥角、减小收缩段长度有利于减小总压损失;在喷嘴出口处设置一定扩张角,能够增加液相速度,减小液膜厚度,有利于雾化.      

空间碎片撞击气瓶穿孔孔径预测公式研究

星上压力容器中储存有高压气体或液体,在受到空间碎片和微流星体超高速撞击时可能发生灾难性事故。文章采用均匀实验设计方法对星上常用高压气瓶的超高速撞击仿真方案进行了试验设计,并通过LS-DYNA仿真软件对其进行了超高速撞击数值仿真,获取了不同参数的弹丸撞击气瓶时气瓶器壁穿孔孔径。通过对器壁穿孔孔径的数据拟合,建立了无防护情况下气瓶器壁的穿孔孔径预测公式。与试验结果对比表明,建立的穿孔孔径预测公式具有一定的预测精度。     

航天器密封舱内真空测量技术改进

文章针对在空间环境模拟器水平舱进行人-船-服联合试验中出现的电容薄膜真空规测量偏差问题进行了分析,确定了真空测量系统所存在的问题是由于真空规使用方法不当,并对系统进行了针对性改造。改造后系统圆满地完成了人-船-服联合试验中的压力测量。     

A method of predicting visual detectability of low-velocity impact damage in composite structures based on logistic regression model

This paper proposed a new method for quantitative assessment of visual detectability of damage based on logistic regression, using the Probability of Detection (POD) as a criterion. Experiments were performed to establish the massive hit/miss data of visual inspection. Authoritative investigations verified the reliability of the data. The prediction function concluded comprises more than one flaw size parameters, including the depth and diameter of the dents. The results show that the depth and diameter of the dents are pivotal for the evaluation of detectability; the type of detection, the detection distance, and the qualifications of personnel are critical external factors to be considered. This function, with an accuracy rate of nearly 85%, is capable of predicting the visual detection probability of impact damage under various detection environments, which will provide a reference for the damage tolerance design of composite materials and field maintenance in the Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) field.     

Artificial equilibrium points and bi-impulsive maneuvers to observe 243 Ida

In the restricted three-body problem, the traditional Lagrange points L₁ and L₂ are the only equilibrium points near the asteroid 243 Ida. The thrust generated by a solar sail over a spacecraft enables the existence of new artificial equilibrium points, which depend on the position of the spacecraft with respect to the asteroid and the attitude of the solar sail. Such equilibrium points generate new spots to observe the body from above or below the plane of motion. Such points are very good observational locations due to their stationary condition. This work provides a preliminary analysis to observe Ida through the use of artificial equilibrium points as spots combined with transfer maneuvers between them. Such combination can be used to observe the asteroid from more different points of view in comparison to fixed ones. The analyses are made for a spacecraft equipped with a solar sail and capable of performing bi-impulsive maneuvers. The solar radiation pressure is used both to maintain the equilibrium condition and to reduce the costs of the transfers and/or to create transfers with longer duration. This is a new aspect of the present research, because it combines the continuous thrust with initial and final small impulses, which are feasible for most of the spacecraft, because the magnitudes of the impulses are very low. These combined maneuvers may reduce the transfer times of the maneuvers in most of the cases, compared with the maneuvers based only on continuous thrust. Several options involved in these transfers are shown, like to minimize the fuel spent ($\mathrm{\Delta }\mathit{v}$) as a function of the transfer time or to extend the duration of the travel between the points. Extended transfer times can be useful when observations are required during the transfers.     

Reduction of vibration by periodically stitched sandwich panel

This work reveals that the addition of periodically distributed stitches to sandwich structure enables a significant reduction of vibration in stop-band and this new functionality is systematically investigated. Firstly, a finite element model which is capable of taking into consideration the three layers of the sandwich as well as the stitches is developed. The diagram of dispersion is calculated by applying Floquet-Bloch theorem to the boundaries of unit cell. With properly chosen properties of stitches, a stop-band for flexural wave is observed. This stop-band is further confirmed by the forced response of a large stitched sandwich panel under point excitation. The level of vibration in the stop-band is significantly reduced. The influence of the stitch rigidity and density on upper and lower limits of stop-band is also examined, which confirms that stitched sandwich can be tuned to mitigate vibration in a certain frequency band with appropriate stitch properties. These investigations have demonstrated the potential application of stitched sandwich in the area of vibration reduction.